Social Learning  Dynamics and Norm Formation
-  Dynamic Decision Theory of Learning Agents for POST Game Theory  -


    In this paper we introduced the  concept of social learning dynamics and apply it to norm formation and collapsing processes.
    Learning dynamics is a decision dynamics  which is introduced by  H. Deguchi [1,2].The dynamics is derived from Markov decision process which is induced by evaluation model for alternatives of each agents.
In the special cases SLD induce the dynamics of the similar types as repricator dynamics of evolutionary game theory.
    We apply SLD to norm formation problem. Norm formation is a most basic process of social interaction. To clarify this process we introduce the mutual commitmentand meta commitment processes among agents.
R. Axelrod analyzed the commitment structure of norm formation and collapsing process  in his norm and meta norm game [3] . He analyzed the games by using genetic algorithm.  We try to deal  with the  modelfrom theoretical point of view by using SLD. For the purpose  we reformulate the norm game as a coupling model between the social learning dynamics of alternatives {C,D} and the dynamics ofmutual commitment as normative attitude. We also extend this model and introduce several types of centralized and decentralized commitment mechanism on the agent society.
    Game theory is an excellent framework for analyzing rational and dyadic interaction between agents. Unfortunately it is very rare to find rational & dyadic interaction process in real societies or organizations. Agents usually change its attitude after referring the actions of other agents and itsresults. It is a social learning process. Thus we insist that SLD gives mathematical foundation for agent based modeling with social learning.

[1] http://www.iss.uw.edu.pl/osrodki/obuz/simsoc5/contrib/HiroshiDeguchi.pdf
[2] Economics as Complex  Systems, Hiroshi Deguchi, JUSE, Tokyo, 2000 (Japanese)
[3] Robert Axelrod, The Complexity of Cooperation - Agent-Based Models of Competition and Collaboration, Princeton University Press , 1997


Hiroshi Deguchi
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
http://www.dis.titech.ac.jp/
deguchi@dis.titech.ac.jp



Technological Innovation and Industrial Policies
- Multi Agent Simulation with Classifier System and Double Loop Learning -


    In this paper, we formulate a multi-agent model of high-tech industry by agent-based simulation with double loop learning. Computer simulation is becoming popular in economical and organizational research. Many economists and organizational scientists use simulation for their research.Agent based simulation is one modern methods in computer simulation. It is a useful method to generate new theories and also to verify effects of policies. We formulate a simulated society of firms in a virtual industry and analyze the society by agent-based simulation.  
    We use a classifier system as a decision-making tool of an agent who makes its decision depending on rules in the classifier system. Firm agents determine how much R&D investment and production investment they will spend. Technological innovation of high-tech industry causes the increase of quality but not quantity in our model. R&D investment affects the quality of goods; capital investment affects the quantity of goods. The resource allocation of investment is very important for agents in this vitural industry.
    We assumed three types of agent in our virtual high-tech industry, in which each agent has a different goal depending on the type. The first type of firm agents seek profit maximization. The second type of firm agents will maximize their market share. The goal of last type is technological maximization. Agents of different types have different evaluation functions.  Agents may change their goals (evaluation functions) when they can not survive well in industry.
    We analyze that what kind of strategy is powerful in agent society. Also we verify the effect of industrial policy in high-tech industry. Our simulations are performed under the several types of initial and boundary conditions.


Hiroshi Deguchi
Tokyo Institute of Technology
Department of Computational Intelligence and Systems Science
Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Science and Engineering
deguchi@dis.titech.ac.jp

Hao Lee
Kyoto University
Graduate School of Economics
ibuki@eco.mbox.media.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Sakyouku Takano